Sound & Sense ch 11-13: Notes

-musical style adds to the communication and presentation of the poem
-two ways: 1. choice and arrangements of sounds   2. arrangement of accents
-art is a combination of repetition and variation
-purpose of repetition: please the ear, emphasize the words, and give structure to the poem
-rhyme repetition of the accented vowel sounds and any succeeding consonant sounds
--masculine: when only one syllable
--feminine: when the rhyme involves 2+ syllables
--internal: when 1+ rhyming words are within
--end: when at end of lines = most common
approximate rhymes: words with any kind of sound similarity, from close to fairly remote
refrain: repetition in a fixed pattern

rhythm: any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound
accented/stressed syllables are more prominent in their pronunciation
rhetorical stresses are used to make the intentions clear
  - the stressed words carry more weight because it changes the way the audience interprets the connotative meaning of the word
end-stopped line: end of the line corresponds with a natural speech pause
run-on line: sense of the line degrees of end-stop and run-on  (normally without punctuation)
caesuras: pauses within lines, either grammatical or rhetorical
-poetic line is predominantly used in free verse  
meter: identifying characteristic of rhythmic language that we can tap our feet to
rhythm designates the flow of the actual, pronounced sound, whereas meter is the pattern that arranges these sounds into a metric verse
foot: one accented syllable plus 1 or 2 unaccented syllables
horseshoe= breve= unstressed syllable
rain drop= ictus= stressed
-monometer= 1 foot in the sentence (call it based on the line)
metrical variations: call attention to some of the sounds because they depart from what is regular
   -substitution, extrametrical syllables, truncation
scansion- the process of defining the metrical form of a poem
expected rhythm is enhanced by the heard rhythm

-rhythm and sound produce the music of poetry
phonetic intensives- word whose sound, by an obscure process, connects with some degree to its meaning
which words and lines are emphasized can change the meaning and delivery of the poem in the minds of the readers